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Let the WIKI? Laboratory experiments

Great Guys, you're doing a great job everyone!
The work done in the group are a bit 'to be corrected, but are well written and I see with pleasure that a cast that is much collaborate via the web. The next time we meet we discuss in class well in voice and decide which posts will be "promoted" to go to the wiki.

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The second law of dynamics

We have combined with a mass of 1 kg of a spring and we have a spurt of 2 m / s ^ 2. To measure the acceleration of the body we used a motion sensor connected via a USB interface Pasporta-supplied PC program DataStudio.
We have carefully measured the elongation Δl of the spring associated with the force that the spring exerts on the block. We then replaced with another body of mass m 1 and applied to that body the same force, that which produces the same stretch of the spring measured in the previous case (we have assumed that the force of the spring is proportional to elongation thereof). In this case we measured an acceleration other than 2 m / s ^ 2, ie 0.5 m / s ^ 2. Is defined as the ratio of mass of the two bodies of the mutual relationship of the two acceleration impressed on them by the same force: 1 m / m = a 0 0 / a 1.
The second body, which undergoes an acceleration equal to one fourth that of the first body with the same force acting, has a mass four times greater.
Finally, we verified that the relationship between the two masses is independent of the applied force, if this is the same for both: so we repeated the experience with a force that acts different, and we found: m 1 / m = a 0 0 / a 1 = a 0 '/ a 1'.

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inertial mass and gravitational mass

The concept of mass is one of the concepts of physics more "complicated" to be defined.
mass, like every physical quantity must be measurable. Then need to define the laws expressed in mathematical formulas that invoke it.

There are therefore two types of mass

1) the inertial mass , one that appears in the formula 2 'principle of dynamics:

F = ma

2) the gravitational mass , one that appears in the formula of the law of gravitation:

F = Gm 1 m 2 / R.

These are two different types of mass, as defined in the phenomena of a different nature and therefore different mathematical formulas. But then we see to give a more precise definition of the two types of mass.

1) The inertial mass indicates the "resistance" that a body opposed to a change in its state of motion .

In fact, if we apply the same force to two different bodies, we get different accelerations.
If, for example, a force of 100 N to a body of 10,000 kg inertial mass we get an acceleration equal to:

a = F / m = 100/10000 = 0, 01 m / s ^ 2

If we apply the same force to a body's inertial mass 5 kg, we get the acceleration:

a = F / m = 100 / 5 = 20 m / s ^ 2.

A higher body mass inertia opposes a greater "resistance" to change its state of motion that, with the same force, you get a lower acceleration. A body mass inertia opposes child less "resistance" to change its state of motion that, with the same force, you get a greater acceleration.

We can then define the inertial mass as the ratio:

m = F / a.

To calculate the inertial mass of a body then simply divide the force acting on it by the acceleration it undergoes. At equal strength, lower inertia mass means faster acceleration, greater inertial mass means less acceleration (acceleration and inertial mass are inversely proportional).

2) The gravitational mass indicates the "capacity" that the bodies of attract gravitationally.

The gravitational force that occurs between two bodies is directly proportional to the masses
bodies and inversely proportional to the square of their distance (calculated with respect to their centers of mass).

What is the relationship between the two types of mass?

Experience has shown that inertial mass and gravitational mass are linked with each other (
for this reason that justifies the use of the term "mass").

In fact, thanks to sophisticated experiments, occurs inertial mass and gravitational mass
coincide (with great precision), this fact is not obvious, so as to represent a new
law of nature, which he called Einstein equivalence principle . The equivalence between the two types of mass is the basic logic underlying the theory of general relativity .

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Newton's laws

Newton was able to sum up the description of the phenomena of mechanics and gravitation in three laws of motion and law of universal gravitation. This is the first and perhaps biggest, unification of scientific knowledge. In a few laws expressed in mathematical form, describes a large number of natural phenomena.

1) a 'principle of dynamic or principle of inertia (already discovered by Galileo) Means a body not subject to forces moves with constant velocity (in intensity, direction and orientation) with respect to a inertial reference system.

2) 2 ' principle of dynamics: a force acting on a body gives him an acceleration (change in velocity) proportional to the force itself (the coefficient of proportionality is called the mass). The principle is expressed mathematically by the formula F = m · to.

3) principle of action and reaction : for every force is an opposing force ( equal in intensity and direction, but in opposite direction).