Letter, unpublished, d'Annunzio, Mussolini "
The correspondence between Gabriele d'Annunzio and Benito Mussolini was published in 1971 by Mondadori, with the title D'Annunzio, Mussolini and the Italian political 1919-1938. Despite the authority of the curators, Renzo De Felice and Emilio Mariano, work is now unavailable and in need of updates historiography: for the new material - documentary photography - acquired over the years.
The final document is in Italian Vittoriale arrived yesterday, unexpectedly, during the ceremony for the 73rd anniversary of the death of the poet. A day of celebration with the planting of twenty cypress trees, to replace the same number killed by the death of d'Annunzio in today and that will improve Vittoriale in the position of the top ten most beautiful parks in Italy. Then the donation by the maestro Ettore Greek bronze depicting a powerful, life-size, a St. Sebastian, because this year marks the centenary of Martyre de Saint Sébastien written by d'Annunzio, music by Debussy and starring Ida Rubinstein. Then the raising of flags of Pescara, birthplace, and Gardone Riviera - in tribute to the Twinning D'Annunzio, which already include 39 places - in the presence of mayors and Andrea Luigi Mascia Albore Cipani. Finally - but it overlooks many other events - the traditional donation of new documents: the family Cosimi filed those of Captain (later General) Mario Sani, one of the main collaborators of the Captain D'Annunzio, the collector and scholar Giovanni Maria Staffieri Lugano, generous supporter of Vittoriale, provided a correspondence between the poet and the painter Romaine Brooks. But Staffieri also had a surprise for me, for friendship. "Do you know this?" She asked, slyly, at the last minute. It put me in the unmistakable hand of the paper with handwriting on paper with the motto "Not to sleep."
It 's a letter written to Mussolini September 7, 1919, five days before taking the River. Until now it was believed that the announcement had been given to the leader of the nascent fascism on September 11, ("I'm leaving now. Tomorrow River take it by force.") The new document is of exceptional beauty in the sounds of the language, shows that the ties between the two were closer and more frequent than previously thought, and d'Annunzio was really hoping that in the help of Mussolini and his team in the making, as well as its support on journalism: "I trust in your support and support among those who, cowardly, fear this hand Army. History Serber laurels for those who have worked for the glorious end. Long live Italy! "
Actually Mussolini believed that it would be able, and merely pay lip service, so much so that on September 20 the prophet wrote him a letter full of insults that the leader had the effrontery to publish, censored, and reassembled, passing a letter of praise. Then he was content to promote a subscription for River that yielded almost three million dollars. In October ad'Annunzio delivered in person, the first 857,842 pounds, and he never knew how much he has paid the rest, believed to have taken most of the money to finance fascism, he obtained a public statement in which the commander acknowledged that allowing him to retain an unspecified amount for its "fighters": which, in Rijeka, were a minority.
For too many years, until the most recent, the company is considered only as a stream on an episode of nationalism, or even the birthplace of fascism. River was in fact an extraordinary first, advanced, libertarian experiment, since the Constitution written by the poet and revolutionary syndicalist Alceste De Ambris. Even for this Mussolini - who was preparing an alliance with the strong powers, monarchy, Church, army, owners - did not believe, and left without intervening in 1920 Giolitti ordered the "Christmas rivers of blood", by attacking the city army.
In the early days of 1921 began the slow evacuation of soldiers D'Annunzio. The Captain stayed until January 18, in a state of despair but also of pride. What he had created would remain in history. "The Naked Mile," said D'Annunzio in one of his many speeches, adding that "He who stops is lost" and told to "march not rot" slogan that will soon reappear on the walls of homes during two decades of which The poet was an unwitting forerunner, teaching that it was possible to rebel against the State with arms and consider the chief a demiurge able to change everyone's life, as well as the homeland. Mussolini learned from the lesson of Rijeka, which could undermine the liberal ruling class by using the rhetoric of patriotism, and Vittorio Emanuele III had to realize that they can count on the total loyalty of the army, finding that he had an important place in day of the march on Rome. As written by Emilio Gentile, the ideology of Mussolini realistic "was completely foreign to the moral fervor, the libertarian spirit and independence (...) and the confused but sincere intentions of the revolutionary environment bubbling river." Fiumanesimo by the fascists took only the external apparatus, adding the sap of castor oil. It never would have heard, during the regime, the final farewell to D'Annunzio threw from the balcony of city hall: "Long Live Love! Alala! "
Paradoxically will just attach River Mussolini Italy, in 1924, the Treaty of Rapallo. But the result would not have been possible without the firm of D'Annunzio. Which, rightly, in the letter published here for the first time, he concludes: "Finally, the new company will seal the end of the beautiful saga of the Thousand, adding heroes to heroes."
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